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Today, we're diving into College Board Bluebook Test 8, Module 1. We'll focus on Logical Conclusions questions. These are part of Domain 1 and can be some of the trickiest problems on the Digital SAT.

Strategy: Tackling Logical Conclusions

Before we jump in, let's talk strategy. Think of these questions like putting pieces of a puzzle together: Idea 1 + Idea 2 = Conclusion. To solve them effectively:

1. Understand Each Idea: Make sure you grasp what each part of the text is saying on its own.
2. Jot Down Key Points: Write down the main ideas. Just like in math, seeing the "values" helps you combine them logically. Think X + Y = ?

Trying to solve these purely in your head often leads to confusion. Writing down the core ideas makes the logical connection clearer. This is key if you want to know how to improve SAT score quickly on these question types.

Question 13: Logical Conclusion (Hadestown Musical)

Alright, let's look at question 13:

The Text:

"The musical Hadestown was produced off-Broadway in New York in 2016. A revised version of the musical premiered on Broadway in 2019, in a larger production. In a review of the Broadway production, theater critic Jesse Green enthusiastically praised the musical's storytelling. However, Green also explained that he had seen the earlier version of Hadestown in 2016 and had found the storytelling to be very confusing. This suggests that in Green's view, _______."

Breaking Down the Answer Choices:

• A) the 2016 version of Hadestown had fewer storytelling problems than the 2019 version did. Incorrect. The text says Green found the 2016 version "very confusing." That means *more* problems, not fewer. The word "However" shows a contrast, pointing to the 2019 version being better.
• B) Hadestown should have had a larger production in 2019 than it actually did. Incorrect. The passage states the 2019 version *did* have a "larger production." We don't know Green's opinion on the *perfect* size, only that it grew. This choice makes a judgment not supported by the text.
• C) the 2019 version of Hadestown was less enjoyable than the 2016 version. Incorrect. Green "enthusiastically praised" the 2019 storytelling, while he found the 2016 version "confusing." This strongly suggests the 2019 version was *more* enjoyable, or at least the storytelling aspect was much better.
• D) Hadestown improved greatly between 2016 and its premiere on Broadway. ✓ Correct! This fits perfectly. Green found the 2016 storytelling confusing but praised the 2019 version. This clear contrast shows a big improvement, especially in storytelling.

Answer: D is the logical conclusion based on Green's contrasting reviews.

Question 14: Logical Conclusion (Ancient Artifacts)

Moving on to question 14.

The Text:

"If some artifacts recovered from excavations of the settlement of Kuulo Kataa, in modern Ghana, date from the thirteenth century CE, that may lend credence to claims that the settlement was founded before or around that time. There is other evidence, however, strongly supporting a fourteenth century CE founding date for Kuulo Kataa. If both the artifact dates (13th C) and the fourteenth century CE founding date are correct, that would imply that ________."

Let's break it down: We have Artifacts ➔ 13th Century. This *suggests* the town started then. But, other evidence says Town Founded ➔ 14th Century.

If *both* are true (artifacts from the 13th C, town founded in the 14th C), what does that mean? It means the artifacts are older than the town itself. How could that happen? The artifacts must have come from somewhere else!

Breaking Down the Answer Choices:

• A) artifacts from the fourteenth century CE are more commonly recovered than are artifacts from the thirteenth century CE. Incorrect. Unknown Quantity. The text doesn't compare how many artifacts were found from each century. It only discusses their dates and the town's founding date.
• B) the artifacts originated elsewhere and eventually reached Kuulo Kataa through trade or migration. ✓ Correct! This matches our deduction. If the artifacts are older than the town, they must have been brought there later, likely through trade or people moving to the area. This connects the two pieces of information logically.
• C) Kuulo Kataa was founded by people from a different region than had previously been assumed. Incorrect. While possible, the text focuses on the *artifacts' dates* versus the *town's founding date*. Where the people came from isn't the direct conclusion drawn from this specific time difference.
• D) excavations at Kuulo Kataa may have inadvertently damaged some artifacts dating to the fourteenth century CE. Incorrect. The text mentions nothing about damaging artifacts during excavation. This is completely outside the scope of the provided information.

Answer: B. This choice successfully integrates the two conflicting dates into a sensible explanation.

Question 15: Logical Conclusion (Colorful Birds)

Last one for this set, question 15.

The Text:

"Birds of many species ingest foods containing carotenoids, pigmented molecules that are converted into feather coloration. Coloration tends to be especially saturated in male birds’ feathers, and because carotenoids also confer health benefits, the deeply saturated colors generally serve to communicate what is known as an honest signal of a bird’s overall fitness to potential mates. However, ornithologist Allison J. Shultz and others have found that males in several species of the tanager genus Ramphocelus use microstructures in their feathers to manipulate light, creating the appearance of deeper saturation without the birds necessarily having to maintain a carotenoid-rich diet. These findings suggest that ________."

Okay, let's map this out: Normally: Carotenoids (Food) ➔ Bright Color AND Carotenoids ➔ Good Health. So, normally: Bright Color = Healthy Bird (Honest Signal).

However, these tanagers use feather Microstructures ➔ Manipulate Light ➔ Bright Color (WITHOUT needing lots of carotenoids).

What does this mean? They *look* healthy (bright colors) but might not be, because they aren't necessarily getting the health benefits from a carotenoid-rich diet. They're faking the signal!

Breaking Down the Answer Choices:

• A) Individual male tanagers can engage in honest signaling without relying on carotenoid consumption. Incorrect. The whole point of the "honest signal" described is that it *does* rely on carotenoid consumption (which indicates health). If they create the color *without* the consumption, the signal isn't honest according to the text's definition.
• B) Feather microstructures may be less effective than deeply saturated feathers for signaling overall fitness. Incorrect. The text suggests the microstructures *are* effective at creating the *appearance* of saturation ("creating the appearance of deeper saturation"). It doesn't say they are less effective visually; the issue is whether the signal is *honest*.
• C) Scientists have yet to determine why tanagers have a preference for mates with colorful appearances. Incorrect. This might be true, but it's not the conclusion drawn from the text. The text explains *how* some tanagers achieve color and what that implies about signaling, not *why* the preference exists.
• D) a male tanager’s appearance may function as a dishonest signal of the individual’s overall fitness. ✓ Correct! This hits the nail on the head. Because they can look brightly colored (signaling fitness) using microstructures *instead of* relying solely on health-linked carotenoids, their appearance isn't necessarily an honest indicator of their true fitness.

Answer: D

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