June 2022 Resources:

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Introduction:

Welcome to our latest blog post, where we dive deep into the EST June 2022 Literacy I Passage 2 of 4. If you're gearing up for the EST exam, you've come to the right place! Mr. Osama A. Ibrahim, our esteemed educator, has crafted an insightful explanation of this passage to bolster your understanding and confidence as you prepare for the EST test.

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PASSAGE 2:

Questions 12-22 are based on the following passage. Mechanical Drawing Self-Taught

By Joshua Rose, M.E.

THE DRAWING BOARD.

(12) To draw curves that are not formed of arcs or parts of circles, templates called curves are provided. (13) Its’ surface should be flat and level, or a little rounding, so that the paper shall lie close to its surface, which is one of the first requisites in making a good drawing. Its edges should be straight and at a right angle one to the other, and the ends of the battens in Figure 1 should fall a little short of the edge of the board, so that if the latter shrinks they will not (14) crease.

12. Which of the following best introduces the paragraph?

A. NO CHANGE

B. It is not intended or necessary to enter into an elaborate discussion of the various kinds of drawing instruments, since the purchaser can obtain a good set of drawing instruments from a reputable dealer by paying a proportionate price.

C. It is recommended that the beginner purchase as good a set of instruments as his means will permit.

12. Which of the following best introduces the paragraph?

Explanation: Option D effectively introduces the main focus of this paragraph from the EST Mechanical Drawing Self-Taught passage: the drawing board itself. By specifying the ideal material (soft pine) and necessary qualities (free of knots, able to take pins for paper), this opening line prepares the reader for the ensuing details about the board's characteristics and usage. Just as EST assesses readiness for college, this intro assesses the readiness of the drawing board for its purpose.

EST Shortcut: The best intro sets up the key topic and "hooks" the reader with need-to-know info.

EST Tip: Skim the paragraph's details to identify the primary focus, then see which intro option best matches that focus and provides helpful context.

13.A. NO CHANGE

B. Its

C. Their

D. They’re

Explanation: In this EST question, the correct answer is B, "Its." This possessive pronoun agrees with the singular noun "surface" and doesn't need an apostrophe. "Its'" in the original is incorrect, as pronouns don't take apostrophes. "Their" and "They're" are both plural, disagreeing with the singular "surface." Like sharpening drawing skills, honing grammar skills is key for EST success.

EST Shortcut: Possessive pronouns never need apostrophes.

EST Tip: Always double-check pronouns in underlined sections. Make sure they agree with their antecedents and don't confuse "its" and "it's."

14.A. NO CHANGE

B. tear

C. protrude

D. be recycled

Explanation: The best answer here is B, "tear." This EST question tests vocabulary in context. "Crease" means to make a fold or line in paper, but that doesn't fit the meaning that the shrinking board could damage the paper. "Tear" correctly indicates ripping or pulling apart, a clearer consequence of shrinkage. "Protrude" means to stick out, and "be recycled" refers to processing materials for reuse, neither of which fit logically. Like a precise line on a blueprint, the right word choice is crucial in EST.

EST Shortcut: Substitute each vocab option into the sentence to check for correct meaning and logic.

EST Tip: Don't just pick the most familiar word. Carefully consider context to determine the exact meaning needed, even if it's a less common word.

The size of the paper, hence it is best to obtain a board as small as will answer for the size of paper it is intended (15) to use. The student will find it most convenient as well as cheapest to learn on small drawings rather than large ones, (16) since they took less time to make and cost less for paper; (17) although they require more skill to make, they are preferable for the beginner, because he does not require to reach so far over the board, and furthermore, they teach him more quickly and effectively.

15.A. NO CHANGE

B. to use! The

C. to use, the

D. to use; the

Option A suggests keeping the original punctuation, which uses a period to separate the two independent clauses into distinct sentences. This can be an effective way to convey the intended meaning clearly, especially if the second clause is complex or if the writer feels that using a period provides greater clarity. Using a period to separate the two clauses also creates a stronger pause between them, which can help to emphasize the distinctness of the two ideas.

16.A. NO CHANGE

B. since they take less time to make and costs less for paper;

C. since they takes less time to make and cost less for paper;

D. since they take less time to make and cost less for paper;

Explanation: Option D fixes the verb errors in this underlined section of the EST passage. Changing "took" to "take" puts the verb in present tense to match the rest of the sentence. "Cost" should remain plural to agree with the plural subject "they" (referring to small drawings). The other options either leave the original verb error or introduce new ones. Verb tense and agreement are as important to effective writing as consistent scale and proportion are to accurate drawing.

EST Shortcut: Check that verbs match their subjects (singular or plural) and the overall tense of the passage.

EST Tip: Underline subjects and verbs in long sentences to easily check agreement. Make sure tenses are consistent unless a time shift is clearly intended.

 17.A. NO CHANGE

B. although they require more skill to make, and are preferable for the beginner,

C. although they require more skill to make, however are preferable for the beginner,

D. hence, they require more skill to make, yet are preferable for the beginner,

Explanation: The original phrasing in A is the best choice in this EST question. It correctly and concisely uses "although" to contrast the two ideas: small drawings need more skill but are still better for beginners. B's added comma after "make" is unnecessary, and the extra "and" is redundant with "although." C's "however" is also redundant with "although." D's "hence" and "yet" change the logical relationship between the clauses. Like a well-planned blueprint, the clearest writing balances effective transitions with concise phrasing.

EST Shortcut: "Although" and other contrast words are usually sufficient on their own. Avoid redundant or conflicting transition words.

EST Tip: Always check if contrast words like "although" are paired with words that indicate a true contrast. Eliminate any repetitive or illogical transitions.

 (18) 1. It is unnecessary to enter into a description of the various kinds of drawing boards in use, because if the student purchases one he will be (19) incorrectly informed of the kinds and their special features. 2. On the other hand, if he intends to make one, the sketch in Figure 1 will give him all the information he requires, save that, as before noted, the wood must be soft pine, well seasoned and free from knots, while the battens B should be dovetailed in and the face of the board trued after they are glued and driven in. 3. To true the edges square, it is best to make the two longest edges parallel and straight, and then the ends may be squared from those long edges.

18. The writer would like to insert this sentence.

“A beginner sketcher should take into consideration his drawing board.”

The best placement for this sentence is

A. before sentence 1.

B. beforesentence2.

C. before sentence 3.

D. after sentence 3.

Explanation: In this EST sample, the given sentence, "A beginner sketcher should take into consideration his drawing board," would best fit before sentence 1 of the paragraph. This placement introduces the key topic of the paragraph, the drawing board, and highlights its importance for beginners. It provides context for the details that follow, like starting with a solid foundation before adding intricate designs. The other options would disrupt the logical flow.

EST Shortcut: When adding a sentence, consider where it best introduces or expands on the paragraph's main ideas.

EST Tip: Read the paragraph with the sentence inserted at each suggested point. See which placement enhances clarity and flow, rather than interrupting key details.

19.A. NO CHANGE

B. absently

C. unexpectedly

D. duly

 Explanation: The correct answer for this EST question is D, "duly." This adverb means "properly" or "appropriately," logically suggesting that the purchaser will be properly informed about the drawing board's features. "Incorrectly," "absently," and "unexpectedly" all have negative or unintended connotations that don't fit the context of being suitably informed. Precision in modifying words is as crucial as exact measurements in a scale drawing.

EST Shortcut: Choose modifiers that match the intended tone and meaning. Eliminate any that suggest the opposite meaning.

EST Tip: Plug in each option and consider if it conveys the right level of certainty, positivity, or intentionality for the situation described.

Drawing squares or T squares, as they are termed, are made (20) of wood hard rubber, and steel.

20.A. NO CHANGE

B. of wood, hard rubber, and steel

C. of wood and hard rubber, and steel

D. of wood, and hard rubber, and Steel

Explanation: Option B is the best choice in this EST example. It uses commas correctly to list three materials: wood, hard rubber, and steel. A lacks necessary commas, making the list unclear. C and D use "and" redundantly. Like using the right tools for precise lines, using proper punctuation helps ideas come across clearly in writing.

EST Shortcut: In a list of three or more items, separate each item with a comma. Use "and" only before the last item.

EST Tip: Read lists aloud. If you pause between items, add a comma to mark that pause in writing. Avoid "and" between each item.

(21) 1. There are several kinds of T squares. 2. In one the blade is solid, as it is shown in Figure 5. 3. In another the back of the square is pivoted, so that the blade can be set to draw lines at an angle as well as across the board (22) , which is often very convenient, although this double back prevents the triangles, when used in some positions, from coming close enough to the left hand side of the board. 4. In an improved form of steel square, with pivoted blade, the back is provided with a half circle divided into the degrees of a circle, so that the blade can be set to any required degree of angle at once.

21. Which choice refers to the explanation of figure 2?

A. sentence 1

B. sentence2

C. sentence 3

D. sentence 4

Explanation: In this EST practice question, sentence 4 refers to the explanation of Figure 2. Sentence 1 introduces the general topic of T squares, while sentences 3 and 4 describe specific features of other types of T squares. The passage doesn't explicitly describe Figure 2, so there isn't a clear answer referring to its explanation. This uncertainty reflects how real EST reading questions may not always have a definite answer stated verbatim, requiring students to make inferences based on the given details, just as architects infer measurements not directly labeled on a blueprint.

EST Shortcut: Don't assume the answer will be word-for-word in the text. Use context to make reasonable inferences.

EST Tip: If no single sentence directly addresses the question, consider how the passage as a whole relates to the query.

22.A. NO CHANGE

B. , which is often very convenient— although

C. —which is often very convenient, although

D. , which is often very convenient; although

Explanation: Option A, "NO CHANGE," maintains the most effective punctuation in this part of the EST sample passage. The comma before "which" and the comma after "convenient" correctly set off the nonessential clause that adds extra information about the pivoted blade's convenience. The em dash in B, the misplaced em dash in C, and the semicolon in D are all less conventional and more disruptive to the sentence's flow. Sticking with the commas keeps the focus on the main idea, like using subtle linework to keep the focus on the overall design in a technical drawing.

EST Shortcut: For nonessential clauses in the middle of a sentence, commas before and after the clause are usually the simplest, clearest choice.

EST Tip: Compare the original punctuation to the other options. Consider if the alternatives clarify the meaning or just distract from the main point.

June 2022 Resources:

Writing, Literacy I:

Take the Full Mock Test for June 2022 + Report HERE

Passage 1 Explanation HERE

Passage 2 Explanation HERE

Passage 3 Explanation HERE

Passage 4 Explanation HERE

Reading, Literacy II:

Passage 1 Explanation HERE

Passage 2 Explanation HERE

Passage 3 Explanation HERE

Passage 4 Explanation HERE

Passage 5 Explanation HERE

More Resources to Boost your Skills:

Practice EST Vocabulary HERE

Practice EST Reading Skills HERE

Practice Real EST Reading Passages with Explanations HERE

Improve your EST Reading Skills with Passages from Level 1 HERE