Improve using our EST June 2022 Literacy II Study Guide | Passage 5 of 5
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Introduction:
Embark on a scientific expedition with Mr. Osama A. Ibrahim as we dissect the "EST Reading |Passage 5 Explanation| June 2022" from the Literacy II section. This guide meticulously unravels the complexities of insect mouth-parts, highlighting the transition from caterpillars to butterflies and moths, and the unique adaptations that define their feeding mechanisms.
In this analysis, Mr. Ibrahim delves into the nuanced distinctions between haustellate and mandibulate mouth-parts, shedding light on the evolutionary marvels that enable insects to thrive in diverse ecological niches. Whether you're a student keen on enhancing your scientific acumen or an educator seeking a comprehensive resource, this guide is tailored to enrich your understanding and foster a deeper appreciation for the wonders of biology.
Dive into our EST June 2022 Literacy II Study Guide with Mr. Ibrahim and transform your approach to learning. Discover the intricate dance of adaptation and survival in the insect world, and arm yourself with the knowledge to excel in your academic pursuits. For a more immersive learning experience and to explore our full suite of resources, don't hesitate to reach out and connect with Mr. Osama A. Ibrahim for personalized courses designed to elevate your comprehension and test-taking skills.
EST Reading |Passage 5 Explanation| June 2022 |
Summary:
The passage discusses the different types of mouth-parts in insects, and how they vary from biting to sucking, and from one group to another. It also shows how the mouth-parts of the caterpillar change to those of the butterfly or moth, and how some moths have no tongue or sucker at all. The author argues that the terms haustellate and mandibulate are relative and not absolute, and that the structure and function of the mouth-parts depend on the adaptation and habits of the insects.
EXPLANATION FOR QUESTIONS 43-51
43. Which point does the author use to suggest that the work of newer entomologists differs from that of the older generation?
To answer this question, we need to look for clues in the passage that indicate how the author views the older and newer entomologists and their methods. We also need to understand the main idea of the passage, which is to explain how the mouth-parts of insects vary and change in different groups and stages.
One clue is in line 9, where the author says "The older entomologists divided insects into haustellate or suctorial, and mandibulate or biting insects". This suggests that the older entomologists used a simple and rigid classification system based on the function of the mouth-parts.
Another clue is in line 46, where the author says "Among the so-called haustellate insects". The use of the phrase "so-called" implies that the author does not agree with this term or finds it misleading.
A third clue is in line 91, where the author says "The maxillæ in this insect are minute, rudimentary, and of no service to the creature". This suggests that the author pays attention to the details and variations of the mouth-parts, even when they are not functional.
Based on these clues, we can infer that the author uses the point of variation in mouth-parts to suggest that the work of newer entomologists differs from that of the older generation. The author implies that the newer entomologists are more flexible and nuanced in their approach, while the older entomologists are more rigid and simplistic.
Therefore, the correct answer is C. The division of insects into groups. This is the point that the author uses to contrast the older and newer entomologists.
44. To answer this question, we need to look for the part of the passage that supports our answer to the first question. We chose C as the correct answer, which means we need to find evidence for the point of division of insects into groups.
One possible evidence is in line 9, where the author mentions the older entomologists’ division of insects into haustellate or suctorial, and mandibulate or biting insects. This shows how the older entomologists used a simple and rigid classification system based on the function of the mouth-parts.
Another possible evidence is in line 46, where the author says “Among the so-called haustellate insects”. This shows how the author disagrees with this term or finds it misleading, implying that the newer entomologists have a different perspective. To make B better than A, we need to focus on the phrase “so-called haustellate insects” in line 46. This phrase is more specific and direct than the general terms “haustellate or suctorial, and mandibulate or biting insects” in line 9. It also shows the author’s attitude and opinion more clearly than the neutral statement in line 9.
We could argue that B is better than A because it provides evidence for the point of division of insects into groups from the author’s perspective, rather than the older entomologists’ perspective. It also shows how the author challenges and questions the validity of this division, rather than simply stating it as a fact.
45. As used in line 91, “service” most nearly means
To answer this question, we need to look at the context and meaning of the word “service” in line 91. The word “service” has multiple meanings, such as work, use, ritual, or resource. We need to find the meaning that best fits the sentence and the passage.
The sentence in line 91 is: “The maxillæ in this insect are minute, rudimentary, and of no service to the creature”. The insect in question is the Luna moth, which does not take food. The maxillæ are part of the mouth-parts that are used for sucking or lapping in other insects.
Based on this context, we can infer that the word “service” means use or function. The author is saying that the maxillæ are not useful or functional for the Luna moth, because it does not need them to feed.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
46. Which of the following best summarizes the final paragraph?
To answer this question, we need to identify the main idea and the supporting details of the final paragraph. We also need to avoid choosing a summary that is too vague, too specific, or inaccurate.
The final paragraph is about the variation of the maxillæ in different kinds of moths. The author gives examples of how the maxillæ are rudimentary, curved, or united to form a sucking tube in different moths. The author also mentions that the mouth-parts of the caterpillar exist in the moth, but are aborted or useless.
Based on this information, we can eliminate A and B as possible summaries, because they are too vague and do not capture the main idea of the paragraph. A only mentions one aspect of variation (length), while B only mentions one kind of moth (curved).
We can also eliminate C as a possible summary, because it is too specific and does not capture the main idea of the paragraph. C only mentions one example of a moth (the Luna moth), while the paragraph discusses several kinds of moths.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. The maxillæ differ between different kinds of moths. This summary is accurate and concise, and covers the main idea and the supporting details of the paragraph.
47. The overall text structure mostly resembles
To answer this question, we need to analyze the text structure and compare it to the different options. We also need to consider the purpose and audience of the text.
The text structure is the way the author organizes and presents the information in the text. There are different types of text structures, such as chronological, cause and effect, problem and solution, compare and contrast, description, etc.
The text structure of this passage is mostly descriptive and explanatory. The author describes the different mouth-parts of insects and how they vary and change in different groups and stages. The author also explains the implications and challenges of these variations for the study of insects.
Based on this analysis, we can eliminate A and C as possible options, because they do not match the text structure of the passage. A narrative is a type of text structure that tells a story or an event in a sequence of time. C a magazine is a type of text genre that contains various articles, features, and advertisements on different topics.
We can also eliminate D as a possible option, because it does not match the purpose and audience of the text. D a newspaper is a type of text genre that reports current news and events to a general audience. The purpose of this passage is not to report news, but to explain scientific facts and concepts. The audience of this passage is not general, but specific and interested in entomology.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. An encyclopedia. An encyclopedia is a type of text genre that provides factual and comprehensive information on various topics to a specific and interested audience. The purpose of this passage is to provide factual and comprehensive information on the mouth-parts of insects. The audience of this passage is specific and interested in entomology.
48. Which of the following is a characteristic of haustellate insects?
To answer this question, we need to recall the definition and examples of haustellate insects from the passage. We also need to avoid choosing a characteristic that is not specific or exclusive to haustellate insects.
The definition of haustellate insects is given in line 9, where the author says “haustellate or suctorial”. This means that haustellate insects are insects that have mouth-parts that are adapted for sucking. Some examples of haustellate insects are house flies, horse flies, butterflies, and bees.
Based on this information, we can eliminate A and D as possible characteristics, because they are not specific or exclusive to haustellate insects. A enormous jaws is a characteristic of some mandibulate insects, not haustellate insects. D the tubercles are removed in adulthood is a characteristic of moths, not all haustellate insects.
We can also eliminate C as a possible characteristic, because it is not accurate or consistent with the passage. C the maxillae play a huge role is a characteristic that varies among different haustellate insects. The author says in line 53 that “the mouth-parts vary so much in different groups, and such different organs separately or combined perform the function of sucking”. The author also gives examples of how the maxillae are useless in some haustellate insects, such as the house fly and the Luna moth.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. They are diverse in organ structures. This characteristic is accurate and consistent with the passage. The author says in line 46 that “Among the so-called haustellate insects the mouth-parts vary so much in different groups”. The author also gives examples of how different organs perform the function of sucking in different haustellate insects, such as the tongue, the mandibles, the maxillae, and the labium.
49. Which choice best provides evidence for the answer to the previous question?
To answer this question, we need to look for the part of the passage that supports our answer to the sixth question. We chose B as the correct answer, which means we need to find evidence for the characteristic of diversity in organ structures among haustellate insects.
One possible evidence is in line 46, where the author says “Among the so-called haustellate insects the mouth-parts vary so much in different groups”. This shows how the author recognizes and describes the diversity in organ structures among haustellate insects.
Another possible evidence is in lines 53-64, where the author gives examples of how different organs separately or combined perform the function of sucking in different haustellate insects, such as the tongue, the mandibles, the maxillae, and the labium. This shows how the author illustrates and explains the diversity in organ structures among haustellate insects.
Therefore, the correct answer is either B or C, depending on which part of the passage we want to use as evidence. However, since B covers more lines and includes both terms (vary and so much), it is a better choice than C, which only covers one term (vary).
So, the correct answer is B. Lines 46-52 (“Among … student.”)
50. As used in line 93, “found” most nearly means
To answer this question, we need to look at the context and meaning of the word “found” in line 93. The word “found” has multiple meanings, such as discovered, recovered, obtained, or considered. We need to find the meaning that best fits the sentence and the passage.
The sentence in line 93 is: “In other moths of the same family we have found the maxillæ longer, and touching at their tips”. The author is talking about the variation of the maxillæ in different kinds of moths. The author has observed and compared the maxillæ of different moths.
Based on this context, we can infer that the word “found” means discovered or observed. The author is saying that they have discovered or observed that the maxillæ are longer and touching at their tips in some moths.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. Discovered.
51. To answer this question, we need to identify the tone and mood of the passage. The tone is the author’s attitude or perspective toward the subject or the audience. The mood is the feeling or emotion that the passage creates in the reader.
The tone of this passage is objective and informative. The author uses factual and scientific language to explain the mouth-parts of insects and how they vary and change in different groups and stages. The author does not express personal opinions or emotions, but rather provides evidence and examples to support their claims. The author’s purpose is to inform and educate the reader about entomology.
The mood of this passage is neutral and curious. The passage does not create a strong or specific emotion in the reader, but rather invites them to learn more about the fascinating topic of insect mouth-parts. The passage stimulates the reader’s curiosity and interest in entomology.
Based on this analysis, we can eliminate B, C, and D as possible options, because they do not match the tone or mood of the passage. B subjective and ambiguous is the opposite of objective and informative. C patronizing and judgmental is a negative tone that implies superiority or criticism. D sarcastic and ironic is a humorous tone that implies mockery or contradiction.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. Objective and informative. This option matches the tone and mood of the passage.
52. Okay, I’ll use only the information from the passage to explain. The graphic shows the head of a bee and its mouthparts. The mouthparts are the parts that the bee uses to eat and drink. The passage says that “the maxillæ in the butterfly are united to form the sucking tube, while in the bee the end of the labium (Fig. 212) is specially adapted for lapping, not sucking, the nectar of flowers.” This means that the bee has two long and thin parts called maxillae that are joined together to make a tube for sucking. The bee also has a shorter and wider part called the labium that is shaped for lapping, which means moving up and down like a tongue. The graphic is similar to Figure 212 in the passage, which shows the mouthparts of the bee.
MORE RESOURCES:
June 2022 Resources:
Writing, Literacy I:
Take the Full Mock Test for June 2022 + Report HERE
Passage 1 Explanation HERE
Passage 2 Explanation HERE
Passage 3 Explanation HERE
Passage 4 Explanation HERE
Reading, Literacy II:
Passage 1 Explanation HERE
Passage 2 Explanation HERE
Passage 3 Explanation HERE
Passage 4 Explanation HERE
Passage 5 Explanation HERE
More Resources to Boost your Skills:
Practice EST Vocabulary HERE
Practice EST Reading Skills HERE
Practice Real EST Reading Passages with Explanations HERE
Improve your EST Reading Skills with Passages from Level 1 HERE
