Many plants have leaves that are larger on one side of their long central axis than the other, a phenomenon known as asymmetrical orientation. University of California, Berkeley biologist Ciera Martinez and colleagues examined several species of grapevines and closely related plants, which have leaves that grow in pairs, to see if both leaves in a pair tend to be oriented toward the same side (that is, have more tissue on the same side) or not. They found that opposite-side orientations are more common than same-side orientations by ratios as high as ______

The US Department of Agriculture's Fruit and Tree Nuts Outlook is a document that covers a variety of subjects, from the influence of changing climate on agricultural production to the effect of stinkbug damage on pear crops. A student studying agricultural economics is consulting a graph in the document that shows the prices for which several types of nuts have been sold by growers in the United States over four growing seasons from 2016 to 2020. The student wishes to know which of four varieties of nuts sold for the lowest price in the country in 2018/2019 season. According to the graph, the lowest-priced nuts were ______.

In 2016, the city of Jakarta—one of the world’s largest metropolitan areas—revoked a rule that restricted the use of major roads in the city’s business district to only vehicles with three or more passengers during rush hours (7:00–10:00 a.m. and 4:30–7:00 p.m.). As researchers had expected, this move led to increased traffic delays during those times on the roads whose use had been limited, especially in the later rush hour period. Surprisingly, delays also worsened during other periods of time and on roads that hadn’t been subject to the rule; the data most clearly reflect this effect in the period of ______.

In an extensive review of existing literature, Léna de Framond and team cataloged the prevalence of broken-wing display—a defensive behavior observed in Haematocephalus palliatus (American oystercatcher) and many other species—throughout the Aves class. Documentation of the display in 285 species across 52 families suggests the behavior likely evolved independently multiple times, prompting the team to consider ecological and life-history characteristics with hypothesized associations to the behavior's emergence, including traits related to reproduction investment and future reproduction potential. Based on their review of those traits, the team concluded that ______.

Myoglobin (Mb) is a protein that primarily aids in oxygen storage and diffusion across the mitochondrial membrane in cardiac muscle cells; these are necessary functions in aerobic organisms, including teleost fish. Carrying out these functions typically requires Mb to be expressed at high levels, evidenced by red heart tissue. The table shows the average Mb levels and their standard deviations (indicating how dispersed the Mb levels of individual fish are in relation to the average) of three teleost fish species, as calculated by Daniel J. Macqueen et al. Based on the data, the researchers concluded that for some teleost species, oxygen storage and diffusion may occur with negligible assistance from Mb.