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1
Intermediate 1
Deer Behavior Studies
THE WHITE-TAILED DEER AND OTHER SPECIES

From Anecdotes of the Habit and Instinct of Animals by Mrs. R. Lee

The white-tailed deer is sanguine, but in the fall the bucks are very aggressive and dangerous, and to be carefully avoided. The mule deer is sanguine, reasonable and not particularly dangerous. The elk is steady of nerve, and sanguine in temperament, but in the rutting season the herd-masters are dangerous. The fallow deer species has been toned down by a hundred generations of park life, and it is very quiet, save when it is to be captured and crated. The axis deer is nervous, flighty, and difficult to handle. The barasingha deer is hysterical and unaccountable. The Indian and Malay sambar deer are lymphatic, confident, tractable and easily handled.

"Never keep a deer as a 'pet' any longer than is necessary to place it in a good home. All 'pet deer' are dangerous, and should be confined all the time. Never go into the range or corral of a deer herd unless accompanied by the deer-keeper; and in the rutting season do not go in at all."

The only thoroughly safe deer is a dead one; for even does can do mischief.

In appearance the guanaco is the personification of gentleness. Its placid countenance indicates no guile, nor means of offense. Its lustrous gazelle-like eyes, and its soft, woolly fleece suggest softness of disposition. But in reality no animal is more deceptive. In a wild state amongst its own kind, or in captivity,—no matter how considerably treated,—it is a quarrelsome and at times intractable animal.

"A pair of wild guanacos can often be seen or heard engaged in desperate combat, biting and tearing, and rolling over one another on the ground, uttering their gurgling, bubbling cries of rage. Of a pair so engaged, I shot one whose tail had then been bitten off in the encounter. In confinement, the guanaco charges one with his chest, or rears up on his hind legs to strike one with his fore-feet, besides biting and spitting up the contents of the stomach." —Richard Crawshay in "The Birds of Terra del Fuego."
THE REIN-DEER

From The Minds and Manners of Wild Animals by Hornaday

Rein-deer, which form the wealth of the Laplanders, serve them for food and clothing, draw them over pathless fields of snow in safety, and are the only species really domesticated. They eat a lichen which they find under the snow, during the winter, and live together in large herds. They are the least handsome of the whole tribe; are perfectly obedient, and one man sometimes possesses as many as two thousand. Their joints crack as they move, and they are extremely fond of salt; even taking it from the hands of strangers. They usually run at the rate of ten English miles the hour, but have gone nineteen, and draw a weight of 300 lbs; but they require good driving, and sometimes dash on, perfectly regardless of the comfort of those in the sledge. Their smell is very acute; and by it they are enabled to come up with their party, if they should have been left behind. They suffer intensely from insects, especially from a large species (castrus tarandi), which deposits its eggs in the hole made by its bite. In order to avoid these pests, the rein-deer are driven during the summer months to the mountains which overhang the coasts, where their foes are much less numerous. They are so terrified at their approach, that the sight of one will make them furious.

"Mr. Wentzel says that the Dog-rib Indians go in pairs to kill rein-deer, the foremost carrying in one hand the horns and part of the skin of a head of the deer, and in the other, a small bundle of twigs, against which he, from time to time, rubs the horns, as the deers do. His companion follows exactly in his footsteps, holding the guns of both in a horizontal position; so that the muzzle of each projects under the arm of the first."

Both have a fillet of white skin round their foreheads, and the foremost a strip of the same round each wrist. They gradually approach the herd, raise their legs very slowly, and put them down again suddenly, in the manner of deer. If any of the herd see them, they stop, and the head is made to play its part by copying their movements. By these means the hunters get into the very centre of the herd without exciting suspicion; the hindmost man then pushes forward his comrade's gun, and both fire nearly at the same instant. The deer scamper off, the hunters trot after them; the poor animals soon halt to see what alarmed them; their enemies have reloaded their guns as they proceeded, and give them a second discharge. The consternation of the deer increases, they run about in the utmost confusion, and the greater number are frequently thus destroyed.

1. In the context of lines 2 and 4 of Passage 1, the word "sanguine" is closest in meaning to:
A
a. confident
B
b. cheerful
C
c. aggressive
D
d. composed
2
Intermediate 2
Deer Behavior Studies
THE WHITE-TAILED DEER AND OTHER SPECIES

From Anecdotes of the Habit and Instinct of Animals by Mrs. R. Lee

The white-tailed deer is sanguine, but in the fall the bucks are very aggressive and dangerous, and to be carefully avoided. The mule deer is sanguine, reasonable and not particularly dangerous. The elk is steady of nerve, and sanguine in temperament, but in the rutting season the herd-masters are dangerous. The fallow deer species has been toned down by a hundred generations of park life, and it is very quiet, save when it is to be captured and crated. The axis deer is nervous, flighty, and difficult to handle. The barasingha deer is hysterical and unaccountable. The Indian and Malay sambar deer are lymphatic, confident, tractable and easily handled.

"Never keep a deer as a 'pet' any longer than is necessary to place it in a good home. All 'pet deer' are dangerous, and should be confined all the time. Never go into the range or corral of a deer herd unless accompanied by the deer-keeper; and in the rutting season do not go in at all."

The only thoroughly safe deer is a dead one; for even does can do mischief.

In appearance the guanaco is the personification of gentleness. Its placid countenance indicates no guile, nor means of offense. Its lustrous gazelle-like eyes, and its soft, woolly fleece suggest softness of disposition. But in reality no animal is more deceptive. In a wild state amongst its own kind, or in captivity,—no matter how considerably treated,—it is a quarrelsome and at times intractable animal.

"A pair of wild guanacos can often be seen or heard engaged in desperate combat, biting and tearing, and rolling over one another on the ground, uttering their gurgling, bubbling cries of rage. Of a pair so engaged, I shot one whose tail had then been bitten off in the encounter. In confinement, the guanaco charges one with his chest, or rears up on his hind legs to strike one with his fore-feet, besides biting and spitting up the contents of the stomach." —Richard Crawshay in "The Birds of Terra del Fuego."
THE REIN-DEER

From The Minds and Manners of Wild Animals by Hornaday

Rein-deer, which form the wealth of the Laplanders, serve them for food and clothing, draw them over pathless fields of snow in safety, and are the only species really domesticated. They eat a lichen which they find under the snow, during the winter, and live together in large herds. They are the least handsome of the whole tribe; are perfectly obedient, and one man sometimes possesses as many as two thousand. Their joints crack as they move, and they are extremely fond of salt; even taking it from the hands of strangers. They usually run at the rate of ten English miles the hour, but have gone nineteen, and draw a weight of 300 lbs; but they require good driving, and sometimes dash on, perfectly regardless of the comfort of those in the sledge.

Their smell is very acute; and by it they are enabled to come up with their party, if they should have been left behind. They suffer intensely from insects, especially from a large species (castrus tarandi), which deposits its eggs in the hole made by its bite. In order to avoid these pests, the rein-deer are driven during the summer months to the mountains which overhang the coasts, where their foes are much less numerous. They are so terrified at their approach, that the sight of one will make them furious.

"Mr. Wentzel says that the Dog-rib Indians go in pairs to kill rein-deer, the foremost carrying in one hand the horns and part of the skin of a head of the deer, and in the other, a small bundle of twigs, against which he, from time to time, rubs the horns, as the deers do. His companion follows exactly in his footsteps, holding the guns of both in a horizontal position; so that the muzzle of each projects under the arm of the first."

Both have a fillet of white skin round their foreheads, and the foremost a strip of the same round each wrist. They gradually approach the herd, raise their legs very slowly, and put them down again suddenly, in the manner of deer. If any of the herd see them, they stop, and the head is made to play its part by copying their movements. By these means the hunters get into the very centre of the herd without exciting suspicion; the hindmost man then pushes forward his comrade's gun, and both fire nearly at the same instant. The deer scamper off, the hunters trot after them; the poor animals soon halt to see what alarmed them; their enemies have reloaded their guns as they proceeded, and give them a second discharge. The consternation of the deer increases, they run about in the utmost confusion, and the greater number are frequently thus destroyed.

2. Passage 1 suggests that people often:
A
a. underestimate the effort required to domesticate deer
B
b. misinterpret deer's gentle appearance as a sign of docility
C
c. overlook the potential dangers posed by pet deer
D
d. assume that deer only display aggression towards their own kind
3
Intermediate 3
Deer Behavior Studies
THE WHITE-TAILED DEER AND OTHER SPECIES

From Anecdotes of the Habit and Instinct of Animals by Mrs. R. Lee

The white-tailed deer is sanguine, but in the fall the bucks are very aggressive and dangerous, and to be carefully avoided. The mule deer is sanguine, reasonable and not particularly dangerous. The elk is steady of nerve, and sanguine in temperament, but in the rutting season the herd-masters are dangerous. The fallow deer species has been toned down by a hundred generations of park life, and it is very quiet, save when it is to be captured and crated. The axis deer is nervous, flighty, and difficult to handle. The barasingha deer is hysterical and unaccountable. The Indian and Malay sambar deer are lymphatic, confident, tractable and easily handled.

"Never keep a deer as a 'pet' any longer than is necessary to place it in a good home. All 'pet deer' are dangerous, and should be confined all the time. Never go into the range or corral of a deer herd unless accompanied by the deer-keeper; and in the rutting season do not go in at all."

The only thoroughly safe deer is a dead one; for even does can do mischief.

In appearance the guanaco is the personification of gentleness. Its placid countenance indicates no guile, nor means of offense. Its lustrous gazelle-like eyes, and its soft, woolly fleece suggest softness of disposition. But in reality no animal is more deceptive. In a wild state amongst its own kind, or in captivity,—no matter how considerably treated,—it is a quarrelsome and at times intractable animal.

"A pair of wild guanacos can often be seen or heard engaged in desperate combat, biting and tearing, and rolling over one another on the ground, uttering their gurgling, bubbling cries of rage. Of a pair so engaged, I shot one whose tail had then been bitten off in the encounter. In confinement, the guanaco charges one with his chest, or rears up on his hind legs to strike one with his fore-feet, besides biting and spitting up the contents of the stomach." —Richard Crawshay in "The Birds of Terra del Fuego."
THE REIN-DEER

From The Minds and Manners of Wild Animals by Hornaday

Rein-deer, which form the wealth of the Laplanders, serve them for food and clothing, draw them over pathless fields of snow in safety, and are the only species really domesticated. They eat a lichen which they find under the snow, during the winter, and live together in large herds. They are the least handsome of the whole tribe; are perfectly obedient, and one man sometimes possesses as many as two thousand. Their joints crack as they move, and they are extremely fond of salt; even taking it from the hands of strangers. They usually run at the rate of ten English miles the hour, but have gone nineteen, and draw a weight of 300 lbs; but they require good driving, and sometimes dash on, perfectly regardless of the comfort of those in the sledge.

Their smell is very acute; and by it they are enabled to come up with their party, if they should have been left behind. They suffer intensely from insects, especially from a large species (castrus tarandi), which deposits its eggs in the hole made by its bite. In order to avoid these pests, the rein-deer are driven during the summer months to the mountains which overhang the coasts, where their foes are much less numerous. They are so terrified at their approach, that the sight of one will make them furious.

"Mr. Wentzel says that the Dog-rib Indians go in pairs to kill rein-deer, the foremost carrying in one hand the horns and part of the skin of a head of the deer, and in the other, a small bundle of twigs, against which he, from time to time, rubs the horns, as the deers do. His companion follows exactly in his footsteps, holding the guns of both in a horizontal position; so that the muzzle of each projects under the arm of the first."

Both have a fillet of white skin round their foreheads, and the foremost a strip of the same round each wrist. They gradually approach the herd, raise their legs very slowly, and put them down again suddenly, in the manner of deer. If any of the herd see them, they stop, and the head is made to play its part by copying their movements. By these means the hunters get into the very centre of the herd without exciting suspicion; the hindmost man then pushes forward his comrade's gun, and both fire nearly at the same instant. The deer scamper off, the hunters trot after them; the poor animals soon halt to see what alarmed them; their enemies have reloaded their guns as they proceeded, and give them a second discharge. The consternation of the deer increases, they run about in the utmost confusion, and the greater number are frequently thus destroyed.

3. Which quote from Passage 1 best supports the answer to the previous question?
A
a. "The white-tailed deer is sanguine, but in the fall the bucks are very aggressive and dangerous, and to be carefully avoided." (lines 1-3)
B
b. "Never keep a deer as a 'pet' any longer than is necessary to place it in a good home." (lines 15-16)
C
c. "The only thoroughly safe deer is a dead one; for even does can do mischief." (lines 21-22)
D
d. "Its lustrous gazelle-like eyes, and its soft, woolly fleece suggest softness of disposition." (lines 25-26)
4
Intermediate 4
Deer Behavior Studies
THE WHITE-TAILED DEER AND OTHER SPECIES

From Anecdotes of the Habit and Instinct of Animals by Mrs. R. Lee

The white-tailed deer is sanguine, but in the fall the bucks are very aggressive and dangerous, and to be carefully avoided. The mule deer is sanguine, reasonable and not particularly dangerous. The elk is steady of nerve, and sanguine in temperament, but in the rutting season the herd-masters are dangerous. The fallow deer species has been toned down by a hundred generations of park life, and it is very quiet, save when it is to be captured and crated. The axis deer is nervous, flighty, and difficult to handle. The barasingha deer is hysterical and unaccountable. The Indian and Malay sambar deer are lymphatic, confident, tractable and easily handled.

"Never keep a deer as a 'pet' any longer than is necessary to place it in a good home. All 'pet deer' are dangerous, and should be confined all the time. Never go into the range or corral of a deer herd unless accompanied by the deer-keeper; and in the rutting season do not go in at all."

The only thoroughly safe deer is a dead one; for even does can do mischief.

In appearance the guanaco is the personification of gentleness. Its placid countenance indicates no guile, nor means of offense. Its lustrous gazelle-like eyes, and its soft, woolly fleece suggest softness of disposition. But in reality no animal is more deceptive. In a wild state amongst its own kind, or in captivity,—no matter how considerably treated,—it is a quarrelsome and at times intractable animal.

"A pair of wild guanacos can often be seen or heard engaged in desperate combat, biting and tearing, and rolling over one another on the ground, uttering their gurgling, bubbling cries of rage. Of a pair so engaged, I shot one whose tail had then been bitten off in the encounter. In confinement, the guanaco charges one with his chest, or rears up on his hind legs to strike one with his fore-feet, besides biting and spitting up the contents of the stomach." —Richard Crawshay in "The Birds of Terra del Fuego."
THE REIN-DEER

From The Minds and Manners of Wild Animals by Hornaday

Rein-deer, which form the wealth of the Laplanders, serve them for food and clothing, draw them over pathless fields of snow in safety, and are the only species really domesticated. They eat a lichen which they find under the snow, during the winter, and live together in large herds. They are the least handsome of the whole tribe; are perfectly obedient, and one man sometimes possesses as many as two thousand. Their joints crack as they move, and they are extremely fond of salt; even taking it from the hands of strangers. They usually run at the rate of ten English miles the hour, but have gone nineteen, and draw a weight of 300 lbs; but they require good driving, and sometimes dash on, perfectly regardless of the comfort of those in the sledge.

Their smell is very acute; and by it they are enabled to come up with their party, if they should have been left behind. They suffer intensely from insects, especially from a large species (castrus tarandi), which deposits its eggs in the hole made by its bite. In order to avoid these pests, the rein-deer are driven during the summer months to the mountains which overhang the coasts, where their foes are much less numerous. They are so terrified at their approach, that the sight of one will make them furious.

"Mr. Wentzel says that the Dog-rib Indians go in pairs to kill rein-deer, the foremost carrying in one hand the horns and part of the skin of a head of the deer, and in the other, a small bundle of twigs, against which he, from time to time, rubs the horns, as the deers do. His companion follows exactly in his footsteps, holding the guns of both in a horizontal position; so that the muzzle of each projects under the arm of the first."

Both have a fillet of white skin round their foreheads, and the foremost a strip of the same round each wrist. They gradually approach the herd, raise their legs very slowly, and put them down again suddenly, in the manner of deer. If any of the herd see them, they stop, and the head is made to play its part by copying their movements. By these means the hunters get into the very centre of the herd without exciting suspicion; the hindmost man then pushes forward his comrade's gun, and both fire nearly at the same instant. The deer scamper off, the hunters trot after them; the poor animals soon halt to see what alarmed them; their enemies have reloaded their guns as they proceeded, and give them a second discharge. The consternation of the deer increases, they run about in the utmost confusion, and the greater number are frequently thus destroyed.

4. The author of Passage 1 would likely respond to the first paragraph of Passage 2 with:
A
a. skepticism about the level of obedience described
B
b. surprise at the large number of reindeer owned by some individuals
C
c. curiosity about the methods used to domesticate reindeer
D
d. agreement regarding the unique characteristics of reindeer
5
Intermediate 5
Deer Behavior Studies
THE WHITE-TAILED DEER AND OTHER SPECIES

From Anecdotes of the Habit and Instinct of Animals by Mrs. R. Lee

The white-tailed deer is sanguine, but in the fall the bucks are very aggressive and dangerous, and to be carefully avoided. The mule deer is sanguine, reasonable and not particularly dangerous. The elk is steady of nerve, and sanguine in temperament, but in the rutting season the herd-masters are dangerous. The fallow deer species has been toned down by a hundred generations of park life, and it is very quiet, save when it is to be captured and crated. The axis deer is nervous, flighty, and difficult to handle. The barasingha deer is hysterical and unaccountable. The Indian and Malay sambar deer are lymphatic, confident, tractable and easily handled.

"Never keep a deer as a 'pet' any longer than is necessary to place it in a good home. All 'pet deer' are dangerous, and should be confined all the time. Never go into the range or corral of a deer herd unless accompanied by the deer-keeper; and in the rutting season do not go in at all."

The only thoroughly safe deer is a dead one; for even does can do mischief.

In appearance the guanaco is the personification of gentleness. Its placid countenance indicates no guile, nor means of offense. Its lustrous gazelle-like eyes, and its soft, woolly fleece suggest softness of disposition. But in reality no animal is more deceptive. In a wild state amongst its own kind, or in captivity,—no matter how considerably treated,—it is a quarrelsome and at times intractable animal.

"A pair of wild guanacos can often be seen or heard engaged in desperate combat, biting and tearing, and rolling over one another on the ground, uttering their gurgling, bubbling cries of rage. Of a pair so engaged, I shot one whose tail had then been bitten off in the encounter. In confinement, the guanaco charges one with his chest, or rears up on his hind legs to strike one with his fore-feet, besides biting and spitting up the contents of the stomach." —Richard Crawshay in "The Birds of Terra del Fuego."
THE REIN-DEER

From The Minds and Manners of Wild Animals by Hornaday

Rein-deer, which form the wealth of the Laplanders, serve them for food and clothing, draw them over pathless fields of snow in safety, and are the only species really domesticated. They eat a lichen which they find under the snow, during the winter, and live together in large herds. They are the least handsome of the whole tribe; are perfectly obedient, and one man sometimes possesses as many as two thousand. Their joints crack as they move, and they are extremely fond of salt; even taking it from the hands of strangers. They usually run at the rate of ten English miles the hour, but have gone nineteen, and draw a weight of 300 lbs; but they require good driving, and sometimes dash on, perfectly regardless of the comfort of those in the sledge.

Their smell is very acute; and by it they are enabled to come up with their party, if they should have been left behind. They suffer intensely from insects, especially from a large species (castrus tarandi), which deposits its eggs in the hole made by its bite. In order to avoid these pests, the rein-deer are driven during the summer months to the mountains which overhang the coasts, where their foes are much less numerous. They are so terrified at their approach, that the sight of one will make them furious.

"Mr. Wentzel says that the Dog-rib Indians go in pairs to kill rein-deer, the foremost carrying in one hand the horns and part of the skin of a head of the deer, and in the other, a small bundle of twigs, against which he, from time to time, rubs the horns, as the deers do. His companion follows exactly in his footsteps, holding the guns of both in a horizontal position; so that the muzzle of each projects under the arm of the first."

Both have a fillet of white skin round their foreheads, and the foremost a strip of the same round each wrist. They gradually approach the herd, raise their legs very slowly, and put them down again suddenly, in the manner of deer. If any of the herd see them, they stop, and the head is made to play its part by copying their movements. By these means the hunters get into the very centre of the herd without exciting suspicion; the hindmost man then pushes forward his comrade's gun, and both fire nearly at the same instant. The deer scamper off, the hunters trot after them; the poor animals soon halt to see what alarmed them; their enemies have reloaded their guns as they proceeded, and give them a second discharge. The consternation of the deer increases, they run about in the utmost confusion, and the greater number are frequently thus destroyed.

5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Passage 2?
A
a. Reindeer are well-adapted to cold climates
B
b. Reindeer are susceptible to insect infestations
C
c. Reindeer migrate to mountain areas during the summer
D
d. Reindeer become aggressive when faced with predators
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